5 dimensions of interior lighting design:
1. Light and dark
2. Cold and warM More and less
4, law and chaos
5. Dynamic and static
(1) evaluation dimensions of light and dark
Although brightness and darkness can be reflected by the luminance with conversion relationship and can be easily measured, they are actually a relative concept, which depends on the experience and field experience of the evaluator, especially related to the space and surrounding environment.
Such as:
In the lobby of a museum with good natural lighting, under the condition that artificial lighting is not opened on sunny days, the ground illumination may reach over 400 LUX and the local direct sunlight even reaches up to 2000 LUX, so it feels bright. However, if it is cloudy, even if the artificial lighting is turned on and reaches an average illumination of 200 LUX or more, our feeling is still not bright enough. But when it comes to night, the same 200 LUX illuminates the ground and makes us feel bright.
Indoors, with only 10 LUX, we feel dark and barely see the interior. However, if we are walking in the countryside with a full moon in winter, even if the illumination of the ground is only 1~2LUX, we will feel very bright, which does not affect our ability to see the flagstones on the ground.
Although light and dark are relative concepts, as a lighting designer, it is necessary to understand the feeling that their project will eventually convey to the space users or observers, and to design the lighting of the space reasonably.
Such as an economical hotel, the lobby wall space with clean white mainly tone, lighting is suitable for the design of a bright feeling. If it is a high-end luxury resort hotel, the lobby is decorated with a lot of dark wood. In addition to the reception space, the lighting of the whole space is suitable for the feeling of darkness to meet the requirements of privacy.
Photo: nanjing niushou mountain Buddha roof palace meditation grand view
Photo: nanjing niushou mountain Buddha roof palace B6 relic palace into the dark space of the passage
(2) cold and warm dimensions
The basis of human feeling comes from the accumulation of natural experience in the course of billions of years of human evolution, which is passed down to our genes from generation to generation, and overlaps with the life experience of each of us. For example, we judge the temperature of light, moonlight and winter snow and ice give us a cold feeling; The morning sun and the light of the fire were warm. We make this judgment because in our experience bluish light is always associated with the coldness of our bodies, while reddish yellow light brings us warmth.
As a lighting designer, first of all, we should judge the sense of body (emotion) brought by the space, so as to choose the light source color temperature suitable for it.
Photo: cool-toned library is a space for people to think calmly
Photo: the warm colored theater provides a relaxing viewing space (imagine our ancestors sitting around a fire)
In fact, the cold and warm lighting dimensions and the light and dark lighting dimensions are correlated with each other, because in most cases of light in nature, the relevant color temperature is also relatively cold. The dark condition corresponds to the warm color temperature, which is only 1cd/m2 and a warm 2200K.
The person feels comfortable tall bright dark and the discretion of color temperature have a relative to range, the talent can feel natural and comfortable inside this harmonious range. Deviate from this area, people will have different feelings.
For example, in a bright indoor environment, the color temperature is low to about 2700K, which will make people feel sultry. Imagine the feeling of desert under sunshine.
If it is a darker environment, color temperature is cold white, it will give a feeling of loneliness, and even make people feel gloomy and horrible.
Photo: forest with fireflies at night
More and less dimensions
Nature has only one sun, shining from the sky 150 million kilometers away. On clear days, we can see the power of the sun, and when it is rainy or cloudy, the whole sky becomes a diffuse curtain of light.
In the interior space, as a result of lamps and lanterns to point sources (tube lamp), line light source (fluorescent lamp or LED lamp belt) or a planar light source (grille lamp panel or panel lights), often a lot of times there are multiple, the existence of a variety of light source, the different methods of cloth lamp, so inevitably, give a person with more or less feeling, give a person with different space image accordingly.
Figure: wuxi lingshan five India altar city facade million butter lamp flickering
Photo: nanjing niushou mountain Buddha roof palace thousands of Buddha hall lighting elements, rendering the extraordinary Buddha scene
Photo: Germany's Reichstag building has few lighting fixtures
The dimension of law and chaos
Most of the interior Spaces are orderly, with certain rules and order, especially those with simple and definite functions, such as Chinese school classrooms or courts. The space is mostly rectangular, and the arrangement is mostly neat and symmetrical. In such a space, besides satisfying the realization of the function, the existence of the dominant lamps also needs to be orderly and symmetrical, in order to be consistent with the concept of space.
Photo: Chinese courts
Photo: U.S. courts
Photo: a chapel in Frankfurt
However, in Spaces that allow people to relax and spend their leisure time, such as bars or shopping malls, lighting does not need to exist in a regular way, except for the part of the passageway that needs to be guided. Sometimes it is deliberately arranged at random disorder.
Photo: escalator space at a Shopping Mall in Frankfurt
The atrium design of the modern Shopping Mall is a very interesting space.
From the perspective of function, this space is mainly designed to facilitate the gathering and channelling of traffic flows in different areas, so it is often designed as a hollow space with the introduction of natural light, which makes people feel like being in an outdoor plaza indoors, and avoids the physical and visual fatigue formed by shopping for a long time.
I generally refer to this kind of space as panting space, similar to the connecting Spaces between the different galleries in a large museum. The day is at least as bright in this space, whether by natural or artificial lighting. But no matter be dimensional design or illuminative setting had better not be too orderly however, had better be circular and reciprocating, let a person linger here forget to return.
Photo: a shopping mall in Europe
The dimension of movement and stillness
Most human feelings come from natural evolution. Since man invented the cave to give himself a space to shield himself from wind and rain and keep away from the invasion of wild animals, man's activities have been further and further away from the nature of the top of the sky. But the natural sunrise and sunset, the infinite variation of the sky light, the full sky stars, or the high moon sky is always the most familiar scene to human beings.
Photo: the moon is high in the sky
Photo: a bonfire burning
In the process of the development of human civilization, artificial lighting was first torches and bonfires, and then oil lamps and candlesticks. No matter be candle fire or oil lamp, the light that gives out is erratic flicker, it is not stable, such illume scope is not big, satisfy the requirement of fine vision operation very hard.
Then came the industrial revolution, Edison invented the electric lamp, then the fluorescent lamp and the HID discharge lamp. For the first time, the advent of electric light made artificial light stable and controllable, and the quality of lighting improved greatly. Especially the invention of fluorescent lamp tube, it greatly satisfies the illumination of indoor office space, provides the light close to the white of sunlight, stable and bright.
Photo: open office area of a company headquarters in Shanghai
But new research suggests that the best lighting for human health should be biological rhythms that change all the time. The development of LED lighting provides the possibility for the implementation of such lighting concept. That is, by adjusting the illumination and color temperature of the lighting system, to simulate a similar natural sky light changes in the environment.
Aman Tokyo hotel lobby quiet space
It should be said that most static lighting can meet people's needs, but in some Spaces, dynamic lighting is the most basic configuration. Typical Spaces are nightclubs and bars.
Photo: a bar space
Bar lighting in addition to the light color is bizarre, points of light also had better come from the location that makes people inconceivable, and with dynamic and rhythmic changes, to subfound people's normal cognition, let a person in this space lose the rational bondage, completely in the state of intoxation.